Market sees monetary authority cutting Selic by 50 basis points this week
18/03/2024
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Eduardo Jarra — Foto: Silvia Zamboni/Valor
The market is eagerly awaiting this week’s decision by the Central Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee (COPOM). Unlike January, when there were no surprises, this Wednesday’s decision is being closely watched by agents. At a time when the collegiate body is still defending the need for a contractionary stance to tackle inflationary pressures, the debate on the appropriate level of restriction is gaining momentum in the market, increasing anxiety about the COPOM’s announcement.
Valor consulted 135 financial institutions and consultancies and the consensus is that the key interest rate Selic will be cut by 50 basis points this week, to 10.75% from 11.25% per year. In the longer term, the median of the estimates points to a base rate of 9% at the end of this year and 8.5% in December 2025.
Despite the stagnation in central expectations, the context of this week’s COPOM meeting points to a more complex macroeconomic environment. Since the January meeting, there have been significant upside surprises in economic activity; current inflation has been much higher than expected by the market—and by the Central Bank itself—in recent months, with pressures on the services side; and the market has once again postponed expectations for the start of interest rate cuts in the United States.
In Valor’s monitoring of Central Bank forecasts for the Selic rate at the end of the cycle, 16 institutions have raised their estimates since January. In some cases, the revisions were more modest, such as Itaú Unibanco and Quantitas, which raised their forecasts by only 25 basis points. On the other hand, some financial firms made more significant revisions, such as Genoa Capital (to 9.25% from 8.5%) and Opportunity (to 9% from 8.25%).
On the other hand, 20 firms lowered their interest rate forecasts at the end of the year. Most of them had forecast a more restrictive monetary policy at the end of the cycle in their scenarios and are now closer to the market consensus. This was the case for Ativa Investimentos (to 9.5% from 10.5%), Morgan Stanley (to 9% from 10%), and MCM Consultores (to 9.5% from 10%).
“There is a sequence of data that points towards stronger activity, with a more heated labor market, with low unemployment and rising wages. The latest data puts an upward bias on our growth forecast for this year, which is 1.7%,” said Eduardo Jarra, chief economist at Santander Asset Management. “However, we haven’t seen any cyclical event that would force the COPOM to change its communication.”
The Santander fund manager cut his estimate for the Selic rate at the end of this year to 8.5% from 9.5% at the turn of the month. “We were hoping for more confidence in the disinflation process,” said Mr. Jarra, who now sees Brazil’s official inflation index IPCA at 3.6% per year at the end of 2024. “There is a benefit to the Central Bank proceeding cautiously, taking measured steps at a prudent pace. They can stretch it out a bit more,” said the economist.
Given that inflation is expected to fall, that core measures will continue a gradual process of disinflation, and that there have been no relevant changes in either the external scenario or the information on the conduct of fiscal policy from the Central Bank’s point of view, Mr. Jarra believes that the great interest of this week’s meeting will be focused on the “forward guidance” that the Central Bank has been using to guide economic agents regarding the next steps in interest rates.
Since the beginning of the cycle, in August 2023, the COPOM has indicated in its statements that its members “foresee a reduction of the same magnitude in the coming meetings and assess that this is the appropriate pace to maintain the contractionary monetary policy necessary for the disinflationary process.” If this view is now maintained, the market would understand that the Selic rate may fall to at least 9.75% per year. However, if the guidance is removed or softened, the committee would be sending a more hawkish message.
“This issue has been frequently raised during the period between the meetings, and based on what Central Bank leaders have said, it will be addressed. There will certainly be a discussion at the meeting, but I’m not sure about what will happen, whether they will keep the plural or adopt the singular. None of these scenarios would surprise me,” said Mr. Jarra.
*Por Victor Rezende, Augusto Decker — São Paulo