Cheaper gasoline can make biofuel unviable because of loss of competitiveness
06/08/2022
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Analysts say measure may lead owners of bi-fuel cars to fill tank with gasoline instead of ethanol — Foto: Hermes de Paula/Agência O Globo
Eager to reduce fuel prices by any means, the Bolsonaro administration may end up hurting sales of a renewable fuel like hydrous ethanol, which has an average carbon footprint 70% smaller than the gasoline currently sold in Brazil’s gas stations.
Analysts say the creation of a 17% ceiling on sales tax ICMS levied on fuels in a general way, as proposed in the complementary bill 18, both for fossil and renewable fuel, may lead owners of bi-fuel cars to fill their tanks with gasoline instead of ethanol.
This may happen because the ICMS tax on ethanol is already lower than the rate charged on gasoline in several states, which guarantees the biofuel competitiveness for a good part of the year in important consumption centers, such as São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Paraná and Goiás.
Together, the four states represent 80% of the Brazilian consumption of hydrous ethanol. In these states, the ICMS on gasoline is between 25% and 31%, while the tax on ethanol is 5 to 12 percentage points lower, between 13% and 25%.
If ICMS is limited to 17% across the board, the reduction in the gasoline tax burden will be much greater than the reduction in the ethanol tax burden.
In São Paulo, only gasoline would be favored, since the load on fossil fuels is currently 25%, while the ICMS tax rate on ethanol is 13.3%. According to simulations by ItaúBBA, gasoline would become cheaper, and ethanol would be worth 74.6% of its price, up from 69.4% today. For the average Brazilian bi-fuel fleet, hydrous ethanol becomes uncompetitive when its price exceeds 70% of the price of gasoline, because of efficiency.
The same is true for Minas Gerais, the second-largest biofuel consumption center in the country, where gasoline is taxed at 31% of ICMS and ethanol at 16%. With the reduction of the gasoline tax rate to 17%, the ratio between the price of biofuel and gasoline would rise from the current level of 70.1% — where the two fuels are equivalent in terms of efficiency — to 80.1%, making ethanol less competitive.
The discussion has reached the Senate. On Tuesday, Senator Fernando Bezerra Coelho (Brazilian Democratic Movement, MDB, of Pernambuco) said he is likely to present a constitutional amendment proposal of ethanol this Wednesday to ensure a 30% lower ICMS tax rate for biofuel compared to gasoline.
The PIS/Cofins tax exemption that the Bolsonaro administration intends to grant both on gasoline and ethanol would not change this scenario, since both fuels would be treated equally. According to BTG Pactual, gasoline would be 17% cheaper at the pumps in São Paulo, or R$1.14 a liter.
If ethanol producers want to prevent the destruction of demand for the product, they will have to accept receiving lower prices, analysts say. BTG Pactual calculates that the prices charged by São Paulo’s mills to distributors would have to drop 17%, or R$0.38 a liter, to R$2.87 a liter.
In the scenarios outlined by ItaúBBA, the São Paulo plants that supply the state would have to reduce the amount they receive by R$0.2806 per liter, while those in Minas Gerais would have to accept a reduction of R$0.6556 per liter.
Felipe Maia, a tax lawyer with Santos Neto Advogados, says that if there is no different treatment in the debate about tax reduction on consumption, “there will be a migration and there will be a lack of demand for ethanol, which will have an environmental impact.” In many states, biofuels already have tax incentives at the production stage, but Mr. Maia says this is not enough to encourage this market.
This dynamic would also impact the sugar market, since the reduction in the price of hydrous ethanol tends to discourage mills from producing more biofuel and stimulate the production of the sweetener – even if the additional remuneration from the Decarbonization Credits (CBios), linked to ethanol, is taken into account, BTG Pactual said.
Currently, the total remuneration offered by ethanol, already considering the gains with CBios, is 3% below the remuneration offered by sugar. With a drop in ethanol gains, the difference would reach 13%, according to the bank. As a result, the mills can produce more sugar than expected.
In a scenario with prices from last week, consultancy hEDGEpoint had already signaled a tendency of pressure on sugar prices if the ICMS bill is approved. According to the firm, the price of ethanol, converted to the value of sugar on the international market, which was the equivalent of 20.14 cents a pound last week, would fall to 18.46 cents a pound.
* Camila Souza Ramos — São Paulo
Source: Valor International