Bioeconomy seen as option to save Amazon

“When we support and promote the bioeconomy, we are not proposing an immediate substitution of food and goods production in the traditional way we have today, but a gradual transition. The bioeconomy is not the silver bullet that will solve all problems overnight, but it has enormous potential to generate jobs and income, especially for Brazil,” says Pedro Zanetti, a specialist in land use transition, food systems and bioeconomy at the Climate and Society Institute (iCS).

Mr. Zanetti comments that, amid global efforts to decarbonize the economy, Brazil is still behind in the competitiveness of its bioeconomy, although it is one of the countries with the greatest potential for housing approximately 12% of the world’s forest cover, including most of the Amazon.

“The size of the global market for forest-compatible products is approximately $175 billion. But, considering the 64 products the Amazon already exports, Brazilian participation is only 0.2% or $300 million per year. And the Amazon alone represents one-third of tropical forests in the world,” observes Mr. Zanetti, citing data from a survey by the Amazon 2030 Project, an initiative by researchers to develop an action plan for the Brazilian Amazon.

The iCS specialist highlights as an example of Brazil’s fragility in the current bioeconomy market the fact that Bolivia is the main exporter of Brazil nuts to the world, also known as Amazon nut.

“Despite Brazil being the largest producer of Brazil nuts, most of the processing and added value stays with neighboring countries, like Bolivia and Peru. This shows that Brazil still needs to invest in processing and industrialization to retain more value within the country,” says Mr. Zanetti.

When asked about the possibility that the advance of the Brazilian bioeconomy could be targeted by attacks from traditional producers or climate deniers who prefer another type of exploitation of the Amazon, Mr. Zanetti says this happens, but emphasizes the economic benefit as a powerful advantage.

“Climate denialism is driven by ideological or economic interests, especially those linked to illegal deforestation. But when the bioeconomy proves financially viable, even more conservative producers adopt it,” he says. “The bioeconomy is not an ideological issue, it’s a business that makes sense because it generates jobs, increases income, and improves the quality of life of entire communities. And it does all this on top of environmental protection. It’s an agenda that can unite different sectors of society,” he adds.

As explained by Rodrigo Spuri, conservation director of the NGO The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the bioeconomy in Brazil has different scales and it is necessary to understand that the idea is not to replace agribusiness, but rather to open a new path that brings micro and macroeconomic benefits.

“The growth potential of the bioeconomy cannot be compared to that of large-scale agribusiness, but it is significant and can be equivalent to sectors like cattle ranching in states like Pará,” says Mr. Spuri, emphasizing the advantages in terms of business generation and income increase for families living in forest areas.

The TNC director also argues that one of the main roles of the bioeconomy is to change the narrative that the forest is an obstacle to economic development, showing that it is, in fact, a value-generation mechanism.

“In addition to generating monetary value, the bioeconomy promotes income distribution and economic inclusion of diverse communities, generating significant value for those who live off the forest, even if it doesn’t make them big entrepreneurs,” says Mr. Spuri. “Brazil has the potential to be a leader in the sector due to its biodiversity, but needs to invest more in research and development to take advantage of forest knowledge and create new products and technologies,” he adds.