Rede D’Or closed an association agreement with SulAmérica, an insurance company with 4.4 million users of health and dental plans. The transaction exclusively involves shares swaps.
With the transaction, Rede D’Or, the largest hospital group in the country, enters the health insurance segment. Until then, D’Or’s role in this market was to be the largest shareholder of Qualicorp, administrator of health insurance plans by membership.
According to the statement, SulAmérica assumed an obligation of exclusivity in trading with Rede D’Or, valid for 12 months, subject to the payment of a fine of R$5 billion in the event of non-compliance. SulAmérica, on the other hand, established an exclusivity obligation for 18 months, subject to a non-compensatory fine of R$2 billion.
SulAmérica shareholders will receive common shares from Rede D’Or after the transition. The hospital network will continue as a publicly traded company listed on B3’s Novo Mercado.
The share exchange ratio is 0.2561 new common share of Rede D’Or for each common share of SulAmérica, or 0.7630 common share for each unit of SulAmérica.
The reference values will be the closing prices on February 18, and the SulAmérica units will have an increase of 49.3% as a premium.
SulAmérica shareholders exercising the appraisal right will receive R$6.77 per share or R$20.31 per unit.
The transaction will be submitted to the shareholders at the general meetings of both companies.
In 2019, D’Or bought Hospital Santa Cruz, in the state of Paraná, which also had a health plan operator. In 2020, the hospital group sold this operator to SulAmérica.
This transaction comes against the backdrop of recent moves in the sector. First, Bradesco Saúde created a hospital arm and will start operating on both sides of the market. More recently, there was market information that UnitedHealth Group (UHG) was studying the sale of its Brazilian operation, formed by Amil and the Américas hospitals network.
Today, the main trend in the sector is the presence of players throughout the health chain to better control medical costs, whose readjustments are generally three times above inflation. These groups have realized that if the medical cost continues to follow this pace, private health care will be unaffordable. In addition, they have seen the exponential growth of the verticalized operators Hapvida and NotreDame Intermédica, which recently merged to create a mega company.
Rede D’Or does not want to become a verticalized group like Hapvida and Intermédica because its current source of income comes from insurance companies and operators such as Bradesco Saúde, which will not give up D’Or hospitals even though it also has hospitals. Rede D’Or has about 300 operators that have their hospitals in the accredited network. There is a demand from users of insurance companies and operators that demand high-ranked hospitals.
The European Commission, the EU’s executive arm, will present on Wednesday a proposal to hold companies accountable for environmental damage and human rights violations in their supply chains globally. It will also crack down on activities in third countries, including Brazil.
Europe has been aligning measures to increase vigilance in the relationship between trade and environmental and social sustainability. And it will be able to impact other countries in terms of ESG if they want to trade with the European market, one of the largest in the world.
Last year, the EU outlined the carbon tax on the border and the proposal to ban the entry of several commodities if produced in deforested areas. Now it will launch a “Directive on Corporate Sustainable Due Diligence,” setting out environmental and human rights obligations for companies. France wants to go further with the introduction of reciprocal standards in EU trade agreements.
In the proposal to be released on Wednesday, the trade impact part is not yet clear, unlike the proposal on deforestation, which establishes a ban on importing products that are not “deforestation-free.” As for the investments of European companies in other markets, the assessment is that the new proposal will tend to have an impact because of the precautions that companies will have to take to avoid breaking the rules in some markets that may be considered risky, for example, due to local environmental policies.
Overall, the due diligence proposal by companies to be released on Wednesday may raise less concern in Brazil than the one on zero deforestation. There was pressure for the mechanism to be modeled on the U.S. legislation, which bases itself on a list of countries that Washington considers as violators. In the European case, responsibility will be placed on European companies or companies operating in Europe.
According to the draft, which was leaked in Brussels, the 27 member states will need to adopt or adapt their own due diligence legislation and, this way, compel companies to identify, prevent and mitigate human rights abuses and violations of environmental standards in their value chains. But the estimate is that this measure will only reach 13,000 companies. Small and medium-sized firms, which represent 99% of all companies in the European common market, will be excluded from due diligence, according to leaked information.
Therefore, only companies with more than 500 employees and global net sales of €150 million or more will be subject to the new rules. It will also include companies with more than 250 employees and net sales of more than €40 million, if at least half of those sales come from sectors considered high-risk, such as agriculture, mining, and textiles.
The proposal will also target companies from third countries if they have net sales of at least €150 million or €40 million in the EU market, depending on the sector in which they operate.
Today, multinationals operate with few obstacles, some experts say. Complex corporate and supplier structures make it difficult to hold the parent company accountable for human rights violations and negative environmental and social impacts in its global operations.
The European proposal would provide for sanctions and civil liability. In other words, it will make companies liable for damage caused by their subsidiaries and their value chains. It means that people whose rights are violated by companies will be able to sue the parent company in the justice system of their home country for compensation or reparation. A community in Brazil’s Northeast region that considers that a multinational has caused environmental damage locally can therefore with less difficulty take legal action against the company in its home country.
The expectation is that climate obligations will lead companies to adopt greenhouse gas emission reduction plans, in accordance with the Paris Agreement, with concrete short, medium and long-term goals.
Much of the European proposal draws inspiration from France’s duty of care legislation, adopted in 2017. The French acted in the wake of the April 24, 2013 disaster at a textile mill in Bangladesh, which collapsed killing more than 1,100 employees. Labels of major European or French brands were found on what remained of the mill. After that, the French law started requiring companies to establish a prevention plan with surveillance measures to identify risks and prevent damage to human rights, health, environment and people’s safety.
Due diligence obligations on human rights and the environment can create a sustainable future, wrote Andre Hoffman, vice-chairman of the Swiss Roche Group, on the website of the World Economic Forum.
The proposal to be presented by the European Commission will then be debated in the European Parliament and by member states in the European Council. And several proposals of amendments will be inevitable. The expectation is that the legislation will be adopted in 2024.
Eletrobras’s shareholders approved Tuesday, in an online extraordinary general meeting, the terms of the privatization of Brazil’s main power utility, sources say. With the approval, the company overcomes one more step in the obstacle course to make possible its capitalization process within the expected term, in the second quarter.
Valor found out that there were questions from minority shareholders, in the figure of the former board member of the state-owned company, João Antônio Lian, and from the Association of Employees of Eletrobras (AEEL), through a legal representative.
The digital voting was interrupted a few times, so that the company’s management could prepare explanations for each questioning. In the end, the items were all voted on with a wide margin of acceptance by the minority shareholders. The federal government abstained.
After more than five hours of voting, the shareholders greenlighted the privatization of Eletrobras. The item, the last one on the meeting’s long agenda, was approved by holders of 202 million of the company’s common shares, while shareholders representing 9,749 shares were opposed. The abstentions in this discussion totaled 884 million votes.
The capitalization of Eletrobras will take place via capital increase. The company will issue new shares through a primary offering and the federal government will waive its subscription rights. The objective is that the government’s stake (direct and indirect) in the state-owned company be diluted from the current 72.33% of the voting capital to 45% or less. If the primary offering is not enough to reach the desired limit, a secondary offering of the common shares held by the government will be made.
The last major pending issue to be overcome before launching the offering of Eletrobras shares will be the final approval from public spending watchdog TCU, whose members greenlighted, last week, the technical studies for the company’s privatization, but will still be working on the last details of the operation, such as the price of the shares. The expectation in the government is that this process will be concluded by the beginning of April.
From then on, it will be up to the board of the state-run company to define the best moment for the operation. One item on the agenda approved at Tuesday’s meeting was precisely the authorization for the board to establish details of the capitalization as the schedule, structure and prices of the issuance of new shares for the company’s capital increase.
Before the meeting, the Furnas Employees Association (Asef) tried to obtain an injunction in court to suspend the meeting. The request was presented at 7:40 am and before the start of the meeting, around 2 pm, the Court decision that denied the request circulated behind the scenes.
At least four other fronts, headed by, among other actors, Workers’ Party (PT) deputies and the Association of Eletrobras Employees (Aeel), tried to suspend the meeting, through challenges in Court and the Securities and Exchange Commission of Brazil (CVM), but none went ahead.
In all, the shareholders decided, on 12 items contained in the agenda. All of them had to be approved, without exception, for the others to be effective.
The meeting began with the approval of the transfer of control of Eletronuclear and Eletrobras’s stake in Itaipu to Empresa Brasileira de Participações em Energia Nuclear e Binacional (ENBPar).
This new state-owned company was created to keep the federal government’s control over these two assets, which will no longer be controlled by Eletrobras after it is privatized. Under the Constitution, the federal government has monopoly on the operation of nuclear plants in the country. The Itaipu Treaty, signed between Brazil and Paraguay for the construction of the binational plant, also provides for state participation in the hydroelectric plant.
Although geopolitical tensions have increased in recent days, given the escalation of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the positive dynamics of the real have been striking. With the high spread interest rate between Brazil and the foreign market and the expressive inflow of foreign capital into the domestic stock market, the foreign exchange rate left the level of R$5.71 to the dollar seen at the beginning of January and ended Tuesday being at R$5.0511, the lowest since July 1, 2021.
The move has surprised market analysts and, even after the recent appreciation of the real against the dollar, managers maintain a constructive view and see potential for further appreciation of the Brazilian currency.
Year-to-date, the dollar has dropped 9.39% against the real, in a much more intense movement than that observed in other emerging markets. Also this year, the greenback is down 0.95% in relation to the Mexican peso; dropped 5.45% in comparison with the South African rand; is down 3.34% against the Colombian peso; and shows a decline of 6.96% against the Chilean peso.
Analysts have maintained a constructive bias towards the real in the short term, although they point to a more adverse environment when looking at the coming months. This is the case of the French bank Natixis, which on Tuesday, in a report to clients, started to recommend long positions in reais, that is, those that gain from the appreciation of the Brazilian currency in relation to the Colombian peso.
In the view of Natixis’s chief economist for Latin America, Benito Berber, the more aggressive action by the Central Bank, a decrease in the political risk premium in the prices of domestic assets and the inflow of foreign capital to the Brazilian stock market is likely to support a further appreciation of the real.
“We feel that more market participants are feeling more and more comfortable with holding long positions in real,” says Mr. Berber. For him, the movement takes place despite a slowdown in economic activity in Brazil and latent concerns on the fiscal front. In addition, the economist assesses that there is a drop in the political risk premium, which would support the chance of the real to appreciate further.
At AZ Quest, the bias is also constructive with the future performance of the Brazilian currency. “The movement was large and quite relevant, but we believe it is likely to persist,” said Gustavo Menezes, the company’s macro manager, who highlights, in particular, the evolution of the real interest rate, which started from very negative levels in 2021 to a real rate ex -ante between 6% and 7%.
“The interest rate spread has always been a very relevant determinant in the projection of currencies,” he says. Mr. Menezes also notes that, with the change in the inflationary scenario in Brazil and in the world, the real interest rate expected in the future has become more difficult to project. “Last year, we had a very negative real interest rate, even with the Central Bank raising interest rates, and the return of the currency began to be very harmed,” Mr. Menezes notes.
He reveals that, in the second half of 2021, AZ Quest began to adopt more favorable positions to the real due to the expectation that the real interest rate scenario would undergo important changes. “We still have a debate about what the terminal level of the Selic will be, but inflation has become more palpable and, in the projections, varies between 5% and 6%, that is, we will have, 12 months ahead, a projected real interest rate of about 6%. It’s a pretty big change.”
In addition, Mr. Menezes notes that, in the U.S., the Fed has adopted a tougher speech, but has not yet started to tighten its policy, at a time when inflation has been persistent. “The real interest rate spread is what has made the market take this good stride, in addition to the thesis of reversing the flow, with capital leaving the stock exchanges of the developed markets and returning to emerging markets,” he says.
And it is based on this context that ACE Capital also continues with long positions in real, although they have reduced their size. “We don’t think it’s an appreciation because of the improvement in fundamentals, because the fiscal issue still raises a lot of uncertainty. The fact is that there is a flow of foreigners and there are no signs of interruption or reversal in the very short term,” said Daniel Tatsumi, the firm’s head of currency.
In this sense, Mr. Tatsumi states that ACE has a downbeat view of Brazil, but emphasizes that “it is difficult to bet against the real, especially in the context of portfolio rotation and higher interest rates in Brazil.” The manager draws attention to the fact that the real was heavily punished during the pandemic, both by the flight of capital from risk assets and by the low level of the Selic.
“If we look at the whole year, the real is the best currency and, in 12 months, it is among the best. But if we consider a two-year window, the real just shouldn’t be worse than the Turkish lira. It’s a currency that has been hit a lot and, in this reality, it’s not unreasonable to imagine a dollar below R$5 in the short term,” says Mr. Tatsumi.
In the opinion of the currency manager at Greenbay Investimentos, Marcel Yagui, the exchange rate has benefited from the interest rate spread, as the Central Bank made a major adjustment and made Brazil one of the countries that pays the highest interest rates even in relation to its peers. “This adds to the terms of trade issue, which have been very favorable, and makes our currency attractive from a foreigner’s point of view,” he said.
For Mr. Yagui, the very relevant flow that has entered the local stock market “helps in this very impressive effect of appreciating the real very quickly.” He said that Greenbay maintains an upbeat view of the Brazilian currency due to these factors, but points out that, given the speed of the adjustment, the manager chose to reduce long positions in reais against the dollar.
A less constructive view with the real, however, is defended by the partner and CEO of Armor Capital, Alfredo Menezes, for whom there is an undershooting [exaggeration downwards] of the exchange rate due to the flow of foreign capital. “But this flow is not recurrent. It is one-off, so further on we will see the real weaken [against the dollar] again.”
“Can the exchange rate drop below R$5? It can. It would be very brave to say no, given that the spot dollar is at R$5.05, but I think we are very close to the minimum,” he evaluates. Mr. Menezes says that there is a return of funds from Brazilians who were abroad and that foreigners have entered the Brazilian stock market with funds in the midst of a global rotation of portfolios. “But we cannot forget that it will not be these one-off flows that will finance the current account deficit forever.”
Armor Capital turned the month of January with long position in reais, but zeroed it after recent gains. “With the current level, we are slightly long in dollar,” says Mr. Menezes, that is, with a bet that the dollar will gain ground again against the real.
Science, Technology, and Innovation Minister Marcos Pontes said on Monday (Feb. 21) during an interview with TV Brasil program Uncensored, the National Institutes of Science and Technology (INCTs) shall receive around BRL 280 million ($ 54,9 million dollars) in funds for research.
According to Pontes, this amount is part of the more than BRL 1 billion ($ 196 million dollars) invested in the sector in 2022. The minister also informed that another BRL 250 million ($ 49 million dollars) shall be made available to finance various lines of study at the Research Productivity (RP) level. Brazil’s Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MCTI) has a total of 130 INCTs with a gap of 30% in their budget.
There are more than 70,000 idle vacancies in activities related to information and communication technology (ICT), and the Ministry offers courses and workshops to those interested in joining the sector, the minister said.
During the interview Pontes also talked about the production of vaccines, medicines and medical supplies in Brazil. He stressed the importance of being autonomous regarding their production and promoting scientific research in the country. “We have the strategy of making the country independent in the production of vaccines. If the planet doesn’t sell vaccines to us, we can sell vaccines to the planet. We shall also reduce Brazil’s dependence on medicine imports,” he stated.
Minister Pontes also informed he invited billionaire Richard Branson from Virgin Galactic – a company that offers orbital flights to tourists – to set up a launch center in Brazil.
The Focus bulletin of financial market expectations, released on Monday, indicates that neutral interest rate estimates are on the rise, above 4% a year. This trend, if confirmed, means that the Central Bank will have to define a higher Selic, Brazil’s benchmark interest rate, in the coming years to keep inflation in check.
The market increased, for the second week in a row, its estimate for the nominal interest rate in 2024, to 7.38% a year from 7.25% a year. This means a real interest rate of about 4.38%, considering the 3% inflation target set by the government for the long term.
This percentage exceeds the estimate of a neutral interest rate of 4% a year given by the market in a survey answered by private-sector analysts in December, on the eve of the meetings of the Central Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee (Copom).
The Central Bank itself estimates a neutral interest rate of 3.5% a year, as disclosed in the Inflation Report last month. But the monetary authority assigns a relatively high probability that the percentage will be higher than that, since it considers that fiscal fragility increases the risk of a higher neutral rate.
The year 2024 is far enough away to leave the most immediate horizon of monetary policy, so the interest rate estimated by the market for the period is a kind of approximation of the economy’s neutral rate.
Today, the Central Bank’s attention is focused on meeting the inflation target mainly for 2023 and, to a lesser extent, 2022. The real interest rate that will be in effect in 2024 will be focused on guaranteeing the fulfillment of the inflation target in 2025.
The increase in the projection for the interest rate in 2024 may reflect, besides an eventual increase in the neutral interest rate, a market view that the fight against inflation may be longer than expected, amid a greater resistance in the rise of global prices.
A sign of these difficulties is that the inflation projection for 2024 also rose for the second week in a row, to 3.09% from 3.04%. The rise, however, is smaller than the advance in nominal interest rates in the period, which reinforces the view that the rise in neutral interest rates may be behind the revision of the outlook for the Selic in the period.
The median projection for the Selic rate for the following years remains at 7% per year. But there are previous signs that it may be on an upward trajectory. The average of the projections for 2025 rose to 7.17% from 7.1%. In the case of projections for 2026, it rose to 7.07% from 6.9%.
It is difficult to determine exactly what is causing the higher estimates for the neutral interest rate. Judging by the December survey, two factors may be playing a role: the increase in fiscal risk and the more challenging international scenario.
This year, the government has once again considered new measures that weaken the fiscal situation, such as tax cuts for fuels and for the industrial sector, in a period in which the government still faces a fiscal deficit. The prospect of interest rates being raised by developed countries also creates uncertainty about the level of interest rates that will prevail worldwide in the long term.
Present in Brazil for a long time, having automotive components maker Metalúrgica Campo Limpo (state of São Paulo) as a landmark of its operations, the German industrial conglomerate Thyssenkrupp has new fronts to grow in the country and in South America. In March, it will be bringing to Brazil the Thyssenkrupp Uhde division, which will focus on industrial projects in the area of green chemistry, ammonia and hydrogen, and on environmental facilities at steel production plants.
The segment is a big bet of the group in the world, and in Brazil as a consequence. Here, there are advanced conversations with several companies that have a project to install a green hydrogen or ammonia production unit, either for the domestic market or for export.
“We dominate, worldwide, with 50% to 60% of the installed base of electrolysers focused on chlorine-soda, the green hydrogen technology, and we already have several projects of these products announced and in progress – one with Shell, which is located in Rotterdam, another in Saudi Arabia (Neon project), and also in the U.S. and Canada,” Paulo Alvarenga, head of Thyssenkrupp in South America, told Valor.
Uhde, a business unit controlled by Thissenkrupp Industrial Solutions, will have an engineering office in Belo Horizonte (state of Minas Gerais) and will begin to work with at least 50 people.
Uhde will absorb the steel and chemical activities, focused on various projects. In the steel industry, it will supply industrial facilities such as coke ovens, gas desulfurization units and treatment units to the gas generated in the process, for projects aimed at decarbonization of steel manufacturers.
In the chemical area, the focus is on plants producing fertilizers, such as green ammonia, basic chemicals, polymers and complete value chains for green hydrogen.
The executive adds that the country’s renewable energy capacity would be around 200 gigawatts (GW), with the production of green hydrogen, which requires clean energy (solar, wind) in the hydrolysis process. Today, the total energy mix installed in the country is 170 GW.
The Solutions mining unit was sold worldwide to the Danish company FL Smidth and is awaiting approval from antitrust bodies. Its equipment division for the cement industry continues to be managed by Polysius do Brasil.
The group operates 15 industrial units in Brazil. It employs 4,200 people and had revenues of R$4.8 billion in the 2020/2021 fiscal year, an increase of more than 50% compared to the previous year, which was affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, mainly in the automotive components and agricultural equipment division.
According to Mr. Alvarenga, there was a strong recovery in this segment — which serves from light to heavy vehicles, with the most different types of components. “Out of every ten cars, nine have a Thyssen component,” he says, adding that there was a 40% increase. “We are back to the pre-pandemic level.”
The main manufacturing unit of this division is Metalúrgica Campo Limpo, which is next to São Paulo (in the city of Campo Limpo Paulista). It is one of the largest crankshaft manufacturers in the world. There are other units spread across São Paulo, the so-called ABC region around the capital, the city of Taubaté (also in the state of São Paulo), Poços de Caldas and Ibirité (state of Minas Gerais) and São José dos Pinhais (state of Paraná).
According to Mr. Alvarenga, revenue from business in the region, which encompasses Argentina, Chile and Peru, was divided equally for each of the three divisions: automotive, naval defense plus trading of steel products and industrial plant engineering.
The latter covers equipment and services for mining, cement and chemicals, in addition to service centers in Santa Luzia (state of Minas Gerais), Parauapebas (state of Pará), Chile (two) and Peru (two) and offices in Belo Horizonte, in São Paulo and in Chile and Peru.
The third basis — Naval Defense and the Steel Trading business — gained expression from 2021. Imports of steel products grew a lot last year with the heated demand in the Brazilian market.
The naval area emerged with the victory of a Navy tender for the construction of four frigates. For the bidding, the Águas Azuis consortium was formed by Thyssen, Embraer and Atech. This is a $2 billion contract, which provides for the delivery of the vessels ordered by 2028.
The construction of the first frigate is expected to start this year, after the replica is completed. Delivery to the Navy is scheduled for 2025. The others, one every year. The consortium acquired a shipyard in Itajaí (state of Santa Catarina), which was adapted to assemble the frigates. “We are going to transfer technology. The first will already have 30% of national components; the others, 40%.” The business vision is for the operation in Brazil to be a cluster for export to South American countries, says Mr. Alvarenga.
This deal replaced the loss of two others: the steel industry (formerly Thyssekrupp CSA), sold a few years ago to Ternium, and the elevator division, sold globally to private equity funds in early 2020. “In the shipyard, we will have 800 direct jobs, in addition to the 1,200 positions from suppliers and 1,000 indirect jobs (from sub-supplier companies).”
Leveraged by the appreciation of oil prices, Petrobras is expected to disclose on Wednesday, after the closing of the markets, a robust earnings report, relative to the fourth quarter of last year, according to analysts. The expectation is that, even with the 2.8% drop in oil and gas production in 2021, the company will close the year with record annual profit – which makes room for it to pay more dividends to shareholders.
Until then, the best annual result by Petrobras was in 2019, when the oil company closed the year with a profit of R$40.137 billion. The company accumulates a net profit of R$75.16 billion in the first nine months of 2021 and is on track to reach a new milestone.
The year 2021 marks a turning of the page in Petrobras’ financial restructuring process. It was when the company reached in advance the goal of reducing gross debt to less than $60 billion. The achievement was made possible, above all, by the oil company’s strong cash generation — a scenario that should be repeated in the fourth quarter results. The Institute for Strategic Petroleum Studies (Ineep) estimates, for example, that the company’s free cash flow should total R$45.6 billion in the fourth quarter.
Analysts’ projections indicate that Petrobras is likely again present solid financial indicators. According to the average of the projections of the four banks consulted by Valor (BTG, Credit Suisse, Goldman Sachs and UBS BB), the oil company is expected to report a R$ 69.8 billion EBITDA for the period between October and December. The amount is 48.3% higher than that calculated in the same period of 2020 and 14.9% higher than in the third quarter of 2021.
For Goldman Sachs, a most expensive barrel should be the main driver of the exploration and production segment, the company’s flagship. The bank’s forecast is that E&P’s EBITDA will grow 10%, in dollars, compared to the third quarter, despite the 3.9% reduction in the company’s total oil and gas production on the same comparative basis. The Brent barrel was priced, on average, at $79 between October and December 2021. For comparison purposes, in the same period of 2020 the commodity was traded, on average, at $44.2 a barrel, while, in the third quarter of last year, the average price was $73.5.
The company’s revenues is expected to total around R$129 billion in the fourth quarter, up 72.1% in the annual comparison and 6.1% compared to the third quarter.
Petrobras is expected to see expressive net income in the fourth quarter, R$25.8 billion, according to the average of the banks’ projections. This number could be substantially higher, according to Ineep, if the oil company makes a new reversal of write-offs due to loss in the value of assets and investments (impairments), as it did in the third quarter of 2021, due to the appreciation of oil.
The positive result expected for the fourth quarter should be reflected in new dividend distributions to shareholders. In 2021, Petrobras paid a total of $12 billion in advance payments, related to the year’s results. The amount is almost double what the company distributed in total between 2018 and 2020.
Credit Suisse estimates that Petrobras will be able to distribute up to $5 billion in dividends related to the fourth quarter, as a reflection of organic cash generation and non-recurring effects. At the end of 2021, it is worth remembering, the company concluded important divestments, such as the one from the RLAM refinery (state of Bahia) to Mubadala, for $1.8 billion. On the cash outflow side, the payment of dividends in December is expected to be highlighted. BTG cites, in turn, that Petrobras’ “comfortable leverage position could mean that additional dividends could be in the horizon”.
Goldman Sachs makes a counterpoint stating that, although there is room for remuneration to shareholders based on the results of the fourth quarter, the company may eventually decide to wait for the results of the first quarter of 2022 to have better visibility of cash generation and only then proceed with new payments. The bank estimates that Petrobras could announce up to $7 billion in new dividends for the first three months of the year.
For 2022, analysts expect earnings to be even higher, since the company is no longer so strangled by debt — reduced by $70 billion since 2014. UBS BB estimates that, without considering divestments, Petrobras’ dividend yield is expected to be 19% in 2022, the highest index, alongside Russian Gazprom, among the 20 international oil companies analyzed by the bank. The dividend yield is a ratio between the dividends paid by a company in a given period and the individual share price and measures the company’s performance in terms of shareholder remuneration.
In November, Petrobras’ CFO Rodrigo Araujo said he expects to start, in the first quarter of 2022, the new dividends policy – which foresees paying an amount equivalent to 60% of the difference between operating cash flow and investments. The formula will be activated when the gross debt is equal to or less than $65 billion and there is accumulated profit. Under the new rules, payment must be made quarterly.
While trying to figure out how to put two green hydrogen plants in the Northeast region by 2025, Qair — a French independent power generation company — is expected to start the construction of a 440 MW solar farm, with an estimated investment of R$1.9 billion, in Icó, Ceará.
Gustavo Silva, the head of operations in Brazil said that the funds will come from local banks. The operation is expected to start by the end of 2023, with most of the power being destined for commercialization in the free market.
Qair has been operating in Brazil since 2017. It has already invested R$2.7 billion in four 600 MW wind and solar power projects in Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte. With this new investment, the company will total 1 GW of capacity in the country.
The company has been studying wind and solar farm projects to produce electricity to supply two green hydrogen plants. One would be located near the Port of Suape, Pernambuco, while the other is likely to be installed around the Port of Pecém, Ceará.
Each plant will require an estimated investment of $3.8 billion and an installed capacity of 8 GW of clean energy (wind and solar) to be supplied. This means, in practice, investments at about $12 billion.
From the technical point of view, the installation of green hydrogen plants is possible, but the financial equation will only be solved when “demand really grows.” In practice, the sector awaits the start of green hydrogen auctions in Europe, scheduled for 2025, an event that is expected to mark the opening of the zero-carbon fuel market. “Today we don’t have a price, because no one is willing to pay for green hydrogen, but there is a high expectation for 2025 and 2030,” the executive said.
One of the main sources for replacing fossil fuels in the energy transition, green hydrogen is produced from a process known as water electrolysis. Although the technology is already mastered, Qair is still seeking to perfect the processes. To this end, the company will begin a production test through a partnership with an autonomous ship, which will work as a laboratory for the next three years. The vessel, called Energy Observer, is the first ship powered by green hydrogen in the world and has been testing the technology with seawater in several wind and sun conditions worldwide since 2017.
Qair was one of the first companies to start studies for green hydrogen production in Brazil, in May last year, in Pernambuco and Ceará. Other multinationals have also signed letters of intent for investment with state governments. In Ceará alone, there were 15 companies — among them White Martins, Fortescue, Neoenergia, AES and Engie.
If all the projects prove to be economically viable, there would be around R$100 billion in investments in Ceará alone in the next 20 years, an unprecedent amount of investments in the state.
Earlier this month, the Ceará government unveiled the first resolution for environmental permit of green hydrogen plants. A working group has been set up to improve the resolution, which details criteria and parameters for obtaining authorizations by investors.
Coffee is part of the economy of every country in the world. Whether uniting production and consumption – or if there is only consumption –it is present in 196 nations and has growth potential in virtually all of them. Despite this, the International Coffee Organization (ICO), founded almost 60 years ago, brings together less than half of them, even though its members account for 97% of global supply and 67% of global demand.
With the mission to expand the sector’s engagement around the world, Vanusia Nogueira, a Brazilian born in Minas Gerais, takes over as executive director of the London-based organization in May, replacing José Sette.
The challenge will involve not only a rapprochement with non-member countries, but broad work on income gains, transparency, market relations and sustainability.
The ICO brings together 75 countries — including all European Union countries, and not just the bloc. Production totals 168 million bags of the Arabica and Robusta varieties, and consumption reaches 167 million bags each harvest.
Assuming that advances will take place “step by step” and without “megalomania”, Ms. Nogueira already indicates the horizon she seeks in five years, when her term ends. “I will be fulfilled if we have all the countries in the world within the ICO,” she said. Thus, the entity will fulfill the task of being a forum for discussion and resolution of issues in its view.
At the age of 60, Ms. Nogueira put aside the idea of retiring and responded to an industry call. Her name was suggested last year – although she says she never wanted the job – and her candidacy was supported by the Brazilian private sector, with the approval of the federal government, and by chain players in other countries — including Colombia. The Colombians, well-known competitors of Brazil, occupy the second place in the supply of Arabica coffee to the world. The election took place in February.
The executive from Três Pontas will face the challenge of defending the pleas of a number of dissatisfied with the entity’s performance around the world, according to sources in the sector. The first woman to lead the ICO, Ms. Nogueira will arrive in the United Kingdom knowing that she will need to shake up an environment that breathes political timing, due to its intergovernmental origin, and that had been the target of harsh criticism in the pre-pandemic years. During this period, the U.S., the world’s largest coffee consumer, left the organization.
“At the last face-to-face meeting, in 2019, we discussed whether it was worth continuing. ICO was heavy, slow, and did not give answers to anyone,” she said. “We concluded that the private sector and civil society should be invited to take part in the debate.”
From there, a public-private task force was created in 2020, led and facilitated by the organization itself, which created five working groups: one coordinator and four others focused on prosperity (income), transparency, the environment and commercial relations. Although they have been moving at a faster pace since last year, Ms. Nogueira arrives to give traction to the actions.
The aspect related to prosperity aims to find out what income is necessary for a coffee grower to “survive with dignity.” The idea is to carry out surveys by regions to discover the gaps between the producer’s current income and the amount he needs to live from the activity.
It is in the scope of the actions to find out what are the causes of the gaps so that problems can be tackled, ranging from lack of education and technical assistance, planted varieties and productivity, to the analysis of structural issues in each region and that reflect in the activity.
Ms. Nogueira also highlights that it is necessary to have serenity to deal with the fact that there will be cases in which the producer will need to think about diversification of economic activity. Depending on environmental and social conditions, she explains, it will not always be possible to live on coffee alone.
In the income-focused group, there are pilot projects underway in Africa and Central America. Local associations such as the African Iaco and Promecafé are taking part, and there is support from development banks from Germany and Switzerland. In addition, talks are underway with FAO and the United States Agency for International Development Support (USAID), as well as other interested parties. The plan is to complete the mapping in all producing countries by 2030.
Another line of action in the task force is the one that will focus on market transparency. A delicate chapter, it involves studying productive cost methodologies. This point, added to financial speculation, are aspects of coffee volatility, she reiterates. The production cost is “hazy” since “there is no common methodology in the world.”
The working group brings together 15 experts in the coffee chain. Brazil has Maciel Silva, a member of the Brazilian Agriculture and Livestock Confederation (CNA), as its representative. The objective is to propose a methodology applicable to different realities.
Other two lines are projects involving environmental recovery and commercial relations. “We thought about how to show the world that agribusiness is not a villain in environmental issues and the idea is to expose what is in progress, like the SOS Mata Atlântica project with Nespresso in Brazil,” she said.
With regard to the work of reintegrating the U.S. — an important consumer country that left the ICO in 2018, under former President Donald Trump — the strategy is to get closer to the Biden administration, involving producing countries that already have a system of lobbying the Americans. The ICO also has the support of the U.S. green, roasted and specialty coffee associations.
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