Central Bank sets conditions to lift Pix, TED transfer cap

Financial institutions must boost cybersecurity and capital to remove limits on Brazil’s instant payment and wire systems

 

 

09/25/2025 

Regulation outlines conditions under which the Central Bank may authorize a temporary waiver of transaction limits
Regulation outlines conditions under which the Central Bank may authorize a temporary waiver of transaction limits — Photo: Divulgação/BC

Brazil’s Central Bank has detailed the requirements for financial institutions using third-party technology providers to request a waiver from the R$15,000 limit per instant payment (Pix) or same-day wire transfer (TED) transaction, announced earlier this month. Among the conditions, firms must implement real-time transaction monitoring and maintain a capital buffer as collateral.

Earlier in the month, the Central Bank had indicated that financial institutions using IT Service Providers (PSTIs) to connect to Brazil’s National Financial System Network (RSFN) could apply for a 90-day exemption from the cap if certain security controls were in place. The regulation, now published in the Official Gazette, defines what those controls are.

PSTIs are tech firms that enable smaller firms to connect to the RSFN, allowing them to operate services like Pix for clients. Two of these providers were recently hit by cyberattacks that compromised millions of accounts managed by institutions using Central Bank infrastructure. In response, the regulator tightened rules for both the providers and their client institutions to strengthen cybersecurity.

The new regulation outlines the conditions under which the Central Bank may authorize a temporary waiver of transaction limits. To obtain permanent exemption, both institutions and their PSTIs must comply with the more comprehensive security controls published on September 5.

Kenneth Ferreira, a partner at law firm Lefosse specializing in banking and financial services, said the exemption is not “broad,” but an “exception contingent on technical robustness and control,” aimed at increasing the safety of institutions using PSTIs.

The waiver applies only on weekdays between 6:30 a.m. and 6:30 p.m. in the case of Pix transactions. For both Pix and TED, the waiver can be renewed for additional 90-day periods, provided the firm has not experienced “serious operational deficiencies or failures.”

Rodrigo Caldas de Carvalho Borges, a partner at law firm CBA Advogados, said the time-bound nature of the waiver enhances security, as the limited timeframe increases oversight, potentially allowing for quicker detection and response to incidents.

To qualify for the waiver, financial institutions must maintain a capital reserve equal to 100% of the highest daily interbank transfer volume processed through their Instant Payment Account (Conta PI) in August, in the case of Pix. For TED, the reserve is based on the highest daily transaction volume made from their Reserve Account or Settlement Account.

Mr. Borges noted that this requirement serves as a financial cushion. “The institution must prove it has unencumbered capital equivalent to its peak transfer day in August. The goal is to ensure that, in the event of large-scale fraud, the institution can absorb the losses on its own, avoiding collapse and systemic risk,” he said.

Firms must also meet governance criteria, including not sharing or storing private keys used to sign RSFN messages within PSTI environments—one of the vulnerabilities exploited in recent cyberattacks.

They must also use distinct digital certificates for different systems and regularly update access permissions, especially for third-party contractors with access to core systems or reserve operations.

Mr. Ferreira said that while the new rules will likely improve security and reduce vulnerabilities, they won’t eliminate the risk of hacking. “Security depends not just on regulations, but also on technical excellence in implementation, audits, penetration testing, corporate governance, incident response, continuity planning, and constant review,” he noted.

To be eligible for the waiver, financial institutions must demonstrate real-time monitoring of atypical or fraudulent transactions. The regulation also requires mechanisms to suspend transaction processing in the event of a suspected severe compromise of their own systems or those of the contracted PSTI.

“We’re seeing an escalation in cyberattacks, and recent events have taught us important lessons,” said Ailton de Aquino Santos, the Central Bank’s director of supervision, during an event in São Paulo. “Criminal activity is migrating from the physical to the virtual world, and financial stability increasingly depends on cybersecurity.”

(Vinícius Lucena contributed reporting from São Paulo.)

*By Gabriel Shinohara, Valor — Brasília

Source: Valor International

https://valorinternational.globo.com/

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Industry closes ranks after clashes over imported steel

Industrial consumers shift tone, now call for more competitiveness across production chain

 

 

09/25/2025

The dispute over imported steel between Brazilian mills and steel-consuming industries has entered a new phase. Once firmly opposed to tariffs, automakers and machinery manufacturers, keen on cheaper inputs, are now rethinking their position.

The reason: China is no longer exporting just basic steel products. It has begun shipping higher-value goods, competing directly with local automakers, machinery suppliers, and other industries.

The extension of Brazil’s steel import quota system until 2026 has divided opinion on trade policy. Mills argue that quotas are insufficient to curb the surge of cheap imports, particularly from China. Steel-consuming industries acknowledge that barriers raise domestic costs but are shifting the debate toward long-term competitiveness.

Antônio Sérgio Martins Mello, institutional relations director at Stellantis and vice president of automaker association ANFAVEA, stressed the need for alignment: “For us to sell cars at competitive prices, we need competitive inputs. In this debate, we are not advocating for tariff cuts on steel—that’s not the plan. The time has come to unite,” he said at the 2025 Aço Brasil industry congress.

The statement marked a turning point: a sector once resistant to tariffs now avoids pushing for tax relief and instead seeks stability in the supply chain—a reaction to the growing presence of Chinese cars in Brazil.

The machinery industry faces an even sharper dilemma. Steel accounts for about 40% of production costs, said Claudio Brizon, director at CNH Industrial. The sector depends on affordable inputs to compete globally, but according to data from the Brazilian Machinery and Equipment Industry Association (ABIMAQ), imports of ready-made Chinese equipment could exceed $10 billion in 2025.

ABIMAQ President José Velloso warns: “We also face unfair competition with Chinese products because China subsidizes, provides cheap financing, manipulates exchange rates, and grants exporters non-repayable loans.”

MRV, Brazil’s largest homebuilder, adds nuance to the picture. CEO Eduardo Fischer acknowledged that quotas raise building costs but argued that safeguarding local industry is crucial to avoid overreliance on Asia and potential problems in the future. “We must strike a balance between keeping national industry competitive without destroying it, but also ensuring it doesn’t overcharge,” he said.

Although construction firms face little direct competition from Chinese players in their end markets, they worry about long-term supply risks.

This repositioning is part of a wider trend. China has structural overcapacity in steel, machinery, autos, electronics, and energy. With the U.S. and EU tightening trade barriers, exporters are redirecting excess output to more open markets such as Brazil.

The impact is already visible. Imports could surpass 6.2 million tonnes of steel this year, equal to 30% of domestic flat steel sales.

Chinese-made cars now hold 7.8% of Brazil’s market, according to August registration data. BYD has overtaken Honda in sales, while Chinese machinery already represents nearly half the market.

Caught in the middle, the Brazilian government has sought compromise. It extended the quota system until May 2026, with a 25% tariff on imports above the cap, and expanded the list of covered products from 19 to 23. It also launched its largest-ever antidumping probe, targeting 25 steel items from China.

But the balancing act faces political hurdles. China is Brazil’s top trading partner, buying vast volumes of farm goods and minerals, as well as an ally in the BRICS bloc. Tougher trade barriers could spark retaliation. At the same time, the U.S., a key market for Brazilian steel, keeps its own tariffs in place, forcing Brazil into careful diplomatic maneuvering.

Experts say Brazil can defend its industry without alienating Beijing, but room for maneuver is limited. The solution, they argue, lies in combining defensive trade measures with industrial policy to keep China as a partner while sustaining domestic competitiveness.

According to Márcio Sette Fortes, a professor of international relations at Ibmec RJ, the Chinese push stems from weaker exports to the U.S. “China has both upgraded its product mix and redirected sales to more open regions like Latin America. Brazil can rely on antidumping, countervailing duties in cases of unfair competition, or safeguard measures when surging imports hurt domestic production,” he said.

Rodrigo Scolaro, an economist at intelligence platform GEP Brasil, added that weak steel demand in China fuels exports. There was an expectation of production cuts in a deflationary environment combined with higher trade barriers abroad, but that hasn’t happened yet, he noted.

*By Robson Rodrigues  — São Paulo

Source: Valor International

https://valorinternational.globo.com/

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Assaí sues French Casino, seeks freeze of Brazilian retailer GPA shares

Brazilian cash&carry chain asks court to block R$475m stake amid dispute over tax liabilities of Pão de Açúcar’s parent company

 

09/25/2025

Cash-and-carry chain Assaí has filed a lawsuit against French retailer Casino, requesting a freeze on all of its shares in GPA, after being notified that it could be held liable for the tax contingencies of Pão de Açúcar’s controlling shareholder.

The case was filed on Wednesday (24) at São Paulo’s Business and Arbitration-Related Disputes Court.

Currently, only part of the tax liabilities is being pursued by the Treasury—about R$36 million. However, the risk of further claims prompted Assaí to request a remedy to block 22.5% of Casino’s stake in GPA, valued at roughly R$475 million.

According to people familiar with the matter, Assaí fears Casino could sell the remaining 110 million common shares it still holds in GPA and transfer the proceeds to France. Casino already has a plan to monetize the stake and is seeking buyers. If new tax claims arise, with the capital moved abroad, Assaí argues it would be left exposed.

In its financial statements, Casino already classifies its Brazilian operations as discontinued.

An arbitration proceeding is expected to be opened within 30 days at the Brazil-Canada Chamber of Commerce Arbitration and Mediation Center. But such cases take an average of three years, which led Assaí to file an application for injunctive relief.

Assaí was a GPA subsidiary until 2020, when Casino took over GPA’s control. Currently, the French retailer is GPA’s second-largest shareholder, behind the Coelho Diniz family.

Last week, Brazil’s Attorney General’s Office of the National Treasury (PGFN) notified Assaí of the opening of an Administrative Liability Recognition Proceeding (PARR). The Treasury considers Assaí jointly liable for debts incurred while it was part of the same economic group as GPA (2007–2020). GPA disputes this, as it publicly stated in October 2024.

Under Brazil’s National Tax Code, however, companies can be held jointly responsible for contingencies related to acts and events that occurred before a corporate spin-off. These could involve disputes over social taxes PIS and Cofins or Tax on Financial Transactions (IOF).

Assaí could also face liability for other GPA-related obligations. According to a person with access to transaction documents, GPA has around R$17 billion in total contingencies and 5,000 municipal, state, and federal tax assessments. Assaí could be exposed to a portion of these related to the pre-2020 period.

In GPA’s second-quarter balance sheet, legal proceedings with guarantees and surety bonds totaled R$13.5 billion.

In its filing, Assaí argues that GPA’s owners acted abusively by selling assets in Brazil and distributing dividends to shareholders in Europe despite billions in contingencies.

Part of those dividends helped Casino pay foreign creditors during its debt restructuring proceedings in France after 2018.

A former Pão de Açúcar executive recalled that independent members had seats on the board of directors before the spin-off, as did Casino, which led the board at the time when these contingencies were growing. He added that there was widespread concern within the company that the amounts could escalate.

“However, there wasn’t much to be done since Casino, through Arnaud Strasser and others such as Ronaldo Iabrudi, had the decision-making power,” the person said.

In September last year, the Federal Revenue listed R$1.3 billion in Assaí’s assets as collateral for potential GPA debts. In October, however, GPA successfully appealed, and the measure was lifted.

At the time, GPA acknowledged responsibility for Assaí’s legal cases, which totaled R$36 million—R$4 million tax-related, R$15 million labor, and R$17 million civil.

The issue resurfaced because, according to people close to the matter, the Treasury is exploring alternative ways to hold Assaí accountable.

The chain argues it could only act now, after being formally notified of the PARR. The company is represented by the law firm Mattos Filho.

The Federal Revenue monitors whether companies maintain at least 30% of their assets to cover contingencies. Alerts are triggered when asset levels fall below that threshold.

Assaí’s advisers believe GPA’s asset sales, including the Colombian Éxito chain, reduced this ratio and drew the Treasury’s attention. That led the PGFN to look to Assaí, once part of GPA, as a potential source of recovery.

Following the PGFN notification, Assaí has 15 days to submit its administrative defense. The process may require deposits in court or guarantees.

Market participants expect GPA shares to respond to the development in Thursday’s (25) session, as Casino considers selling the stake to meet financial covenants with foreign creditors, a move Valor reported earlier. A decline in share value could affect those plans. Casino declined to comment.

This marks the first time Assaí has taken legal action against Casino. The cash-and-carry chain still carries debts left behind by the French group.

When Assaí was separated from GPA five years ago, it inherited about R$8.5 billion in debts from Colombian unit Éxito, a decision imposed by Casino. At the time, Assaí was GPA’s main cash generator.

Roughly 90% of Assaí’s current liabilities stem from that legacy debt burden, compounded by high interest rates. The company became fully independent in 2021 after its spin-off from GPA and is now a publicly traded corporation with no controlling shareholder.

“This story seems endless,” said a longtime observer. “Assaí was saddled with Éxito’s debt at Casino’s insistence, and suffered governance-related share discounts while Casino was still a shareholder. Then Casino left, and the problems continued to follow Assaí.”

*By Adriana Mattos — São Paulo

Source: Valor International

https://valorinternational.globo.com/

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Brazil mulls higher taxes on real estate, agribusiness credit instruments

Congressional rapporteur’s plan would raise income tax to 7.5% while preserving exemptions for infrastructure, agribusiness receivables

09/24/2025 

The rapporteur of the provisional presidential decree that serves as an alternative to the Tax on Financial Transactions (IOF), Congressman Carlos Zarattini (Workers’ Party), will propose increasing the income tax (IR) rate on Agricultural Credit Bills (LCAs) and Real Estate Credit Bills (LCIs) from 5% to 7.5% starting in 2026. The change aims to preserve the exemption on infrastructure bonds, as well as Real Estate (CRIs) and Agribusiness Receivables Certificates (CRAs).

Mr. Zarattini also presented a proposal granting income tax exemption for real estate investment trust (REIT) and agribusiness chain investment funds (Fiagros) with at least 100 shareholders, a profile that currently represents most of the market. The government’s original proposal had set a 5% tax on these investments.

The agribusiness caucus, the largest in Congress, is firmly against raising taxes on agribusiness securities. “We will not accept 7.5% on LCAs,” said Congressman Pedro Lupion, president of the Parliamentary Agricultural Front (FPA).

The report was expected to be submitted on Tuesday (23) to the joint committee of Congress. However, at the request of Lower House Speaker Hugo Motta, its presentation was postponed so the text could first be discussed in a leaders’ meeting. Mr. Zarattini said the party leaders made suggestions, but he does not yet know which will be incorporated. He expects to release the report on Wednesday (24), with a vote at the committee likely on Tuesday (30).

The rapporteur said he will maintain in his report the government’s proposal to establish a fixed 17.5% income tax rate on financial investments in Brazil starting in 2026. This will end the staggered system, which charged 22.5% on investments of up to six months and 15% on those longer than two years. He also said he will maintain the increase in the tax rate on interest on net equity (JCP) from 15% to 20%.

The government’s proposal also granted income tax exemption to foreign investors, provided they are not based in tax havens. The rapporteur broadened this benefit to include certain over-the-counter transactions and the issuance and redemption of depositary receipts in Brazil or abroad. He also kept the 25% tax on earnings of investors domiciled in tax havens, but set the rule to take effect one year after the law is enacted.

Mr. Zarattini also proposed raising the tax on Guaranteed Real Estate Bills (LIG) for individuals from 5% to 7.5%. In the case of LCI, LCA, and Mortgage Bills, he suggested a 7.5% rate for individuals and 17.5% for companies. He also expanded the allocation requirement of LCAs from 65% to 80% and included an “update of the legal framework,” without giving further details.

Mr. Zarattini also introduced a change exempting companies and setting a 7.5% tax on individuals’ earnings from Development Credit Bills (LCDs). The government’s original plan had been 17.5% for companies and 5% for individuals.

The rapporteur said he will keep the provision that establishes two rates for the Social Contribution over Net Profit (CSLL), at 15% and 20%. The 9% bracket will be eliminated, meaning companies currently taxed at that rate will move to 15%. This measure only affects financial institutions, including fintechs.

Also preserved is the government’s proposal to reinstate the 18% tax rate on Gross Gaming Revenue (GGR) from sports betting, as originally suggested by the Finance Ministry when it submitted the sector’s regulation to Congress. Lawmakers had reduced the rate to 12%. This measure has the greatest revenue potential of the package—R$10 billion—within the broader plan to raise revenue and control spending as an alternative to increasing the IOF. The Finance Ministry expects the provisional decree to generate R$20 billion.

The proposal to tax LCIs and LCAs was poorly received by asset managers and market analysts. Guilherme Almeida, head of fixed income at Suno Research, said the measure is negative because these instruments are important funding sources. “The cost associated with these sources is lower and, consequently, so is the cost of credit at the end, due to today’s exemption,” he said.

He cited a study by real estate sector associations estimating that a 5% tax increase on LCIs could raise mortgage lending rates by 0.7 percentage points. “This increase from 5% to 7.5% will have an even greater impact,” he said.

In a statement, the Brazilian Association of Real Estate Credit and Savings Entities (Abecip) said the proposed taxation of LCIs is worrisome and could directly impact mortgage credit rates.

Renato Jerusalmi, founding partner and portfolio manager at Riza Asset, said that among the available options, taxing bank securities is the most suitable because it addresses banks’ very cheap funding, typically at 92% to 94% of the CDI (the interbank deposit rate, used as an investment benchmark in Brazil). “Since banks have access to many different sources, the consolidated impact should not be so significant.” He noted, however, that the operations backing these issuances will see funding affected. “But with a developed capital market, companies have alternatives.” Overall, he said, the measure is negative because it continues the trend of taxing the productive sectors.

For Octaciano Neto, former agriculture secretary of Espírito Santo and founder of agribusiness financing consultancy Zera, LCAs should remain exempt. “Compared with the OECD average, Brazilian agribusiness receives 75% less in subsidies,” he said. He argued that the taxation will drive investors toward CRAs, which will remain tax-exempt. “On the other hand, the taxation will accelerate the capital market’s overtaking of banks in financing agribusiness,” he said.

(Rafael Walendorff contributed reporting, from Brasília)

*By Giordanna Neves, Valor — Brasília

Source: /valor International

https://valorinternational.globo.com/

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Brazil will need fiscal adjustment after 2026, Goldman Sachs says

Whoever wins next year’s election will have to persuade voters that fixing public finances is necessary, says Alberto Ramos, head of Latin America economic research at the investment bank

 

 

09/24/2025 

Convincing Brazilians that a fiscal adjustment is necessary after the 2026 election won’t be an easy task for any incoming president, given the country’s “reasonably good” economic growth over the past three years, fueled, in the words of Goldman Sachs, by “fiscal steroids.”

“The essence of populism is this short-term sense of well-being achieved through mechanisms that are unsustainable over time. The bill comes later,” said Alberto Ramos, head of Latin America economic research at Goldman Sachs. “What worries me is that after the election, whoever wins will need to push for a fiscal adjustment when the population doesn’t feel there’s a problem. Growth has been good, unemployment low, wages rising. I don’t think people will buy into the idea that we need a deep fiscal adjustment.”

Mr. Ramos contrasted Brazil’s situation with Argentina’s, where President Javier Milei won office on a platform of tough reforms at a time when the economy was already in deep trouble, facing contraction, soaring inflation, and rapid impoverishment.

“He pushed through a fiscal adjustment equivalent to 6 percentage points of GDP in an economy that also had very rigid spending, and was already suffering significantly. But it was clear to most of the population that the Kirchnerist model had failed—economically, socially, and politically,” Mr. Ramos said.

He believes part of the recent improvement in Brazilian asset prices stems from investor expectations that a new administration will take office in 2027, and bring with it a shift in economic policy.

“No matter who wins, a fiscal adjustment will be inevitable, and it won’t be easy,” he said. “If President Lula is reelected, fiscal realities will impose tighter constraints, otherwise, things won’t end well. A more conservative candidate would probably be more inclined to implement that adjustment. But my question is: Is Brazil ready?,” Mr. Ramos asked, adding that he’s not fully convinced about a scenario in which the current opposition wins either.

Mr. Ramos said the necessary overhaul would include loosening the rigid structure of public spending: changing laws that tie budget allocations to health and education, revising the rule that mandates real increases to the minimum wage, and reviewing other legislation that hardwires spending.

“We already know the path to take, if there’s political will,” he said.

Political balance

One hurdle, however, is that “Congress is not exactly the guardian of fiscal orthodoxy,” Mr. Ramos added. “The real fight between Congress and the government is just about who gets credit for the spending. The political balance may not be one that allows these reforms—some of which are constitutional—to pass. In Argentina, the crisis helped get them through. That’s not our situation, thankfully, but if we keep delaying, we may hit a breaking point that forces a much more painful and destabilizing adjustment.”

Brazil’s fiscal issues aren’t new, but have worsened recently, leaving policymakers with less room to maneuver, he said. One example: the government has already raised taxes without improving fiscal fundamentals.

“A fiscal adjustment that relies on tax hikes is already a poor-quality fix, but even so, how would society react, after four years of rising taxes?” Mr. Ramos asked. “We’ve used up our ammo without defeating the enemy. We raised taxes to spend more, not to improve the primary balance.”

Adjusting for the economic cycle, Brazil’s fiscal picture is worse than the headline numbers suggest, he said.

“When the economy was booming, the government doubled down and injected even more liquidity, overheating the system. The best time to make adjustments is when the economy is doing well. Now, it’s slowing, and they want to reverse the fiscal impulse. They should’ve held back earlier, taken advantage of the revenue from growth to build a better primary result.”

Mr. Ramos said Brazil’s economy is now slowing because it has hit “capacity constraints.” He believes the recent GDP growth of 3% or more is above the country’s potential. On top of that, monetary policy remains tight.

“But if someone arrived from another planet and saw Brazil with 15% nominal interest rates and 10% real rates, they’d assume the country is in deep recession. And it’s not—it’s just slowing, because there are credit policies, quasi-fiscal programs. The effectiveness of monetary policy has been undermined by fiscal activism,” he said.

Letting the economy slow is necessary to bring down inflation and eventually lower both inflation and interest rates, Mr. Ramos added.

“If no action is taken, that’s the path we’re on—and it’s not one we should resist, because we’re not facing an economic collapse.”

He said he doesn’t expect a “fiscal disaster in 2026,” despite it being an election year. “But we should be running a surplus,” he said. “This government’s view, which I don’t share, that the economy only grows through fiscal stimulus, paired with an upcoming election, means that the current slowdown is probably not deep enough to allow monetary policy to shift to a neutral stance.”

Even if there is room for the Central Bank to begin cutting rates in December, he said, interest rates will likely remain tight through the end of 2026.

Mr. Ramos acknowledged some improvement in headline inflation but noted that service inflation “is still far from good.” Currency appreciation and lower prices for commodities and food have helped, he said, but given those factors, “Inflation should be around 2%.”

“That’s not the case. The target is 3%, and we’ve been above it for many years. The Central Bank’s projections don’t even place 3% within the relevant forecast horizon. It’s a tough battle that requires a completely different fiscal approach from what we’ve seen over the past four years.”

“The difference between medicine and poison is dosage,” he added. “Monetary policy is the medicine, but its dosage can become toxic because of fiscal policy. Fiscal policy needs to take over the burden that monetary policy is carrying right now.”

*By Anaïs Fernandes and Eduardo Belo — São Paulo

Source: Valor International

https://valorinternational.globo.com/

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Lula, Trump expected to meet virtually

Trump overture fires up Brazilian markets; Brazil prepared to offer U.S. president deals on strategic minerals and big tech regulation he can claim as victories

 

 

09/24/2025                          

U.S. President Donald Trump surprised delegates at the United Nations General Assembly on Tuesday by proposing a meeting with Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva next week. The encounter is expected to take place virtually. The two leaders briefly spoke in the halls of the UN headquarters in New York and, according to the Republican, there was “excellent chemistry” between them.

The announcement of a Lula-Trump meeting had been eagerly awaited by Brazilian and American business leaders, as well as by Brazil’s diplomatic corps. Among Brazilian diplomats, the view is that the Lula administration could have greater opportunities to negotiate tariff reductions if it puts forward proposals that Mr. Trump could tout as victories. These could include future partnerships involving U.S. research and investment in Brazil’s critical minerals sector or regulations not too restrictive for big tech companies and their social media platforms operating in Brazil. The real strengthened against the dollar while Brazilian markets rallied on Tuesday upon news of the overture.

“I was walking in and the leader of Brazil was walking out. I saw him and he saw me and we embraced,” Mr. Trump said. “But we actually agreed that we would meet next week. We didn’t have much time to talk, about 20 seconds.” He added that Lula seemed like a “very nice man.”

According to Brazilian Foreign Minister Mauro Vieira, the meeting will likely be virtual. “It could also happen by phone call or videoconference, because unfortunately the president is very busy, with a full agenda, so perhaps an in-person meeting will not be possible, but they will meet in some way,” he said.

Even so, in his speech at the UN, Mr. Trump once again leveled indirect criticism at Brazil, particularly its judiciary. He said the country was marked by “censorship, repression, weaponization, judicial corruption and targeting of political critics,” in reference to the convictions of former President Jair Bolsonaro and close allies over the January 8, 2023 coup attempt.

“Brazil now faces heavy tariffs in response to its unprecedented efforts to interfere with the rights and freedoms of our American citizens and others, with censorship, repression, weaponization, judicial corruption, and targeting of political critics in the United States,” Mr. Trump said.

Mr. Trump’s friendly remarks toward Mr. Lula caught presidential aides in Brasília off guard. Despite the praise and the prospect of a potential meeting next week, Valor learned that such an outcome had been considered “unlikely” by government insiders prior to the trip. In recent weeks, Mr. Lula’s advisers had even sought to lower expectations that the event in New York could provide any exchange between the two presidents.

Veteran Brazilian diplomats familiar with the UN Assembly noted that outgoing speakers usually exit the stage from the opposite side of where the next head of state enters, a protocol designed to avoid encounters—even though it was known Mr. Trump would speak immediately after Mr. Lula.

Mr. Lula’s aides had also privately suggested that Mr. Trump’s tight security arrangements could pose another obstacle to any personal exchange with the Brazilian president at the multilateral venue.

The brief conversation between Mr. Lula and Mr. Trump in the UN corridors was positive and spontaneous, said Amanda Robertson, spokesperson for the U.S. State Department, according to GloboNews. Ms. Robertson confirmed the two hugged. “It really was a spontaneous moment. It seems the backstage meeting was unplanned. President Lula was leaving and Trump was entering, and in that hallway they had a few moments to speak. It was a short, spontaneous, and good conversation.”

According to Ms. Robertson, Mr. Trump said he liked Mr. Lula but also told the Brazilian president that razil “is doing harm and will continue to do harm.”

*By Renan Truffi, Sofia Aguiar, Rafael Vazquez and Marcos de Moura and Souza — Brasília and New York

Source: Valor International

https://valorinternational.globo.com/

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Bioeconomy seen as option to save Amazon

Experts defend economic potential of strategy, with job and income generation, but warn it is not only solution nor will it solve problems immediately

 

 

 

09/23/2025 

The bioeconomy has significant commercial and socioeconomic development potential for Brazil, especially in areas where environmental preservation has become strategic in the face of the effects of climate change. However, according to experts and producers interviewed by Valor, there is a clear awareness that this is not a silver bullet, although it is a path to be followed not out of utopia, but out of pragmatism.

“When we support and promote the bioeconomy, we are not proposing an immediate substitution of food and goods production in the traditional way we have today, but a gradual transition. The bioeconomy is not the silver bullet that will solve all problems overnight, but it has enormous potential to generate jobs and income, especially for Brazil,” says Pedro Zanetti, a specialist in land use transition, food systems and bioeconomy at the Climate and Society Institute (iCS).

Mr. Zanetti comments that, amid global efforts to decarbonize the economy, Brazil is still behind in the competitiveness of its bioeconomy, although it is one of the countries with the greatest potential for housing approximately 12% of the world’s forest cover, including most of the Amazon.

“The size of the global market for forest-compatible products is approximately $175 billion. But, considering the 64 products the Amazon already exports, Brazilian participation is only 0.2% or $300 million per year. And the Amazon alone represents one-third of tropical forests in the world,” observes Mr. Zanetti, citing data from a survey by the Amazon 2030 Project, an initiative by researchers to develop an action plan for the Brazilian Amazon.

The iCS specialist highlights as an example of Brazil’s fragility in the current bioeconomy market the fact that Bolivia is the main exporter of Brazil nuts to the world, also known as Amazon nut.

“Despite Brazil being the largest producer of Brazil nuts, most of the processing and added value stays with neighboring countries, like Bolivia and Peru. This shows that Brazil still needs to invest in processing and industrialization to retain more value within the country,” says Mr. Zanetti.

When asked about the possibility that the advance of the Brazilian bioeconomy could be targeted by attacks from traditional producers or climate deniers who prefer another type of exploitation of the Amazon, Mr. Zanetti says this happens, but emphasizes the economic benefit as a powerful advantage.

“Climate denialism is driven by ideological or economic interests, especially those linked to illegal deforestation. But when the bioeconomy proves financially viable, even more conservative producers adopt it,” he says. “The bioeconomy is not an ideological issue, it’s a business that makes sense because it generates jobs, increases income, and improves the quality of life of entire communities. And it does all this on top of environmental protection. It’s an agenda that can unite different sectors of society,” he adds.

As explained by Rodrigo Spuri, conservation director of the NGO The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the bioeconomy in Brazil has different scales and it is necessary to understand that the idea is not to replace agribusiness, but rather to open a new path that brings micro and macroeconomic benefits.

“The growth potential of the bioeconomy cannot be compared to that of large-scale agribusiness, but it is significant and can be equivalent to sectors like cattle ranching in states like Pará,” says Mr. Spuri, emphasizing the advantages in terms of business generation and income increase for families living in forest areas.

The TNC director also argues that one of the main roles of the bioeconomy is to change the narrative that the forest is an obstacle to economic development, showing that it is, in fact, a value-generation mechanism.

“In addition to generating monetary value, the bioeconomy promotes income distribution and economic inclusion of diverse communities, generating significant value for those who live off the forest, even if it doesn’t make them big entrepreneurs,” says Mr. Spuri. “Brazil has the potential to be a leader in the sector due to its biodiversity, but needs to invest more in research and development to take advantage of forest knowledge and create new products and technologies,” he adds.

“The bioeconomy is not the silver bullet that will solve all environmental conservation problems alone. But it is a component and a strategy to add value to Brazil’s natural capital, such as forests and biomes, through market products,” concludes Mr. Spuri.

*By Rafael Vazquez — Altamira, Pará

Source: Valor International

https://valorinternational.globo.com/

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Multi-billion corruption scheme in mining targeted by Federal Police

Probe led to 15 arrests, including directors of National Mining Agency, over allegations of forged environmental permits

 

 

 

 

09/18/2025

The Federal Police (PF) arrested Caio Mário Trivellato Seabra Filho and Guilherme Santana Lopes Gomes, directors of the National Mining Agency (ANM), and Leandro César Ferreira de Carvalho, a regional manager at the agency, on Wednesday (17). The arrests were part of Operation Rejeito, which investigates a corruption scheme involving forged environmental permits that enabled illegal mining in Minas Gerais. In total, 15 people were arrested, including public officials, business executives, a former congressman, and a sheriff. Two individuals remain at large.

In a statement, the ANM said it had learned of the Federal Police operation “through the press” and that “to date, the agency has not been formally notified of any measures involving staff or leadership.” The regulator reiterated its “commitment to legality, transparency, and collaboration with the authorities, whenever formally requested, while observing due process of law and ensuring the continuity of regulatory services.”

Also arrested was Rodrigo de Melo Teixeira, former director of administrative police at the Federal Police and currently director of administration and finance at the Geological Survey of Brazil (SGB), which is linked to the Ministry of Mines and Energy. The SGB said the allegations under investigation relate to a period before Mr. Teixeira’s appointment. The ministry declined to comment.

Mr. Teixeira has also served since last year on Petrobras’s Health, Safety, and Environment Committee, but he resigned from the position on Tuesday (17). Petrobras said it has no connection to the allegations under Operation Rejeito. “These matters are unrelated to the company’s operations and the committee’s work,” it said. Mr. Teixeira became known for initially leading the investigation into the stabbing of former President Jair Bolsonaro in Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais) during the 2018 election campaign. He was dismissed from the Federal Police in February 2019.

At the state level, the scheme also involved officials at the Minas Gerais State Foundation for the Environment (FEAM). The state government dismissed the officials suspected of taking part in the scheme. Among them was Breno Esteves Lasmar, director-general of the State Forestry Institute (IEF) and chair of the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Council (CPB). Others dismissed included Arthur Ferreira Rezende Delfim (arrested by the Federal Police) and Fernando Baliani da Silva, directors of environmental licensing at FEAM; Rodrigo Gonçalves Franco, former FEAM president; Lirriet de Freitas Libório, former head of FEAM’s Eastern Minas Gerais licensing unit; and Vitor Reis Salum Tavares, regional management director at FEAM.

According to state communications secretary Bernardo Santos, some of the dismissed officials were already under internal investigation for suspected involvement in the scheme. Administrative proceedings remain underway. Former FEAM president Rodrigo Gonçalves Franco, who was also arrested, had already been dismissed on Saturday (13) due to what the government described as his conduct within the institution, which had been “generating rumors.” The government added that “illegal actions that may have improperly influenced decisions of the State Environmental and Water Resources System may be reviewed.”

At the center of the Federal Police investigation is businessman Alan Cavalcante do Nascimento, identified as the leader of the group, responsible for managing bribe payments and financial operations. He owns 38 companies, including Global Mineração, which operates in Serra do Curral and other areas of Minas Gerais, and Gute Sicht, whose operations in Serra do Curral were suspended by the courts in January for illegal mining.

Also under investigation are Mr. Nascimento’s partners at Gute Sicht: former state lawmaker João Alberto Paixão Lages and businessman Helder Adriano de Freitas.

According to the Federal Police, Fleurs Global Mineração served as the financial hub of the operation. The group allegedly created shell companies that applied for permits to carry out earthmoving services, but in practice extracted iron ore illegally in unlicensed areas. Documents were forged to secure fraudulent mining permits.

Investigators say the group paid bribes to officials at several federal and state environmental and mining agencies, including ANM, the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN), FEAM, and the Minas Gerais State Secretariat for the Environment, among others. According to the Federal Police, more than R$3 million in bribes were paid.

The scheme allegedly began in 2020 and generated at least R$1.5 billion in illicit profits for the organization. Mining projects tied to the scheme that remain active are projected to yield more than R$10 billion in profits for those involved. The fraud could result in losses exceeding R$18 billion to the federal government.

The Federal Police report describes the case as “systemic corruption,” involving “a professional criminal structure” in the state that used “bribes and multiple forms of fraud” to enable illegal extraction, including in historically significant areas of Minas Gerais.

According to the investigation, the criminal organization was able to expand its operations by creating illicit mining projects, which were only possible “by co-opting authorities through the offer and payment of unlawful benefits.”

In total, authorities executed 79 search and seizure warrants and 22 pretrial detention warrants. The operation also ordered the freezing and seizure of R$1.5 billion in assets and suspended the activities of companies implicated in the scheme.

The Federal Police said pretrial arrests were necessary, in addition to other provisional remedies, because of the “degree of participation and importance” of the suspects in the criminal organization, making detention “the only way to dismantle the group and prevent ongoing offenses.” If left free, it warned, the suspects posed a “risk of destroying evidence.”

The operation was carried out jointly with the Federal Comptroller General’s Office (CGU) and supported by the Federal Prosecution Service (MPF) and the Federal Revenue.

The defense attorneys for the accused could not be reached for comment.

(With Folhapress)

*By Maira Escardovelli, Marlla Sabino and Cibelle Bouças — Brasília and Belo Horizonte

Source: Valor International

https://valorinternational.globo.com/

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Latam signs order for up to 74 Embraer E2 jets

Deliveries set to begin in the second half of 2026; with the deal, Brazilian manufacturer beats Airbus in key dispute

 

 

 

 

09/23/2025

Latam Airlines surprised the market on Monday (22) by announcing an order for up to 74 E195-E2 aircraft from Brazilian manufacturer Embraer. The airline had long been weighing the purchase of a smaller jet for its fleet. Embraer secured the sale by beating its main rival, Airbus’s A220.

Latam Brasil CEO Jerome Cadier told Valor that the decision represents the group’s biggest strategic move since the merger of LAN and TAM.

The deal includes firm orders for 24 aircraft, with a list price of $2.1 billion, plus 50 purchase options. Deliveries are scheduled to begin in the second half of 2026, with the initial focus on Brazil.

The group is now rushing to define, within six months, the routes that will be operated with the new aircraft. Mr. Cadier said routes connecting the company’s hubs in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, Fortaleza, and Porto Alegre are among the priorities.

The group estimates that adding the E2 to its fleet will open the door to 35 new destinations worldwide, most of them in Brazil.

“This is Latam’s biggest strategic move since the merger [between LAN and TAM],” Mr. Cadier said. The deal between the companies, announced in mid-2010, created Latam, now Brazil’s largest domestic airline and the main carrier linking the country internationally.

According to the executive, the choice of the E2 was commercial and technical. “We realized how well an Embraer jet fit into our network strategy. It is smaller than the A320 family, which allows us to keep growing our routes,” he said.

Passenger traffic on domestic flights in Brazil reached 8.7 million in August, up 8.5% year over year and a record for the month, according to data from the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil (ANAC).

Mr. Cadier noted that since the group’s emergence from Chapter 11 in 2022, the Brazilian market has gained increasing weight in Latam’s portfolio, with more aircraft being allocated to the country.

Before the pandemic, Latam operated 44 destinations in Brazil. That number is expected to reach 59 by year-end. “We could probably reach around 70 destinations [with the A320], but that would be hard,” he said, noting that some routes were already proving less suited to larger aircraft.

The airline is now finalizing its network for the E2. “We have simulated a network with some destinations, but we know these routes are sensitive to ICMS tax incentives. We will be talking to state governments,” he said. Details are expected in the coming months.

Operations are expected to begin in about a year, requiring the company to make route decisions within six months. The airline will also need to recruit additional staff, set up maintenance support, and obtain certifications at certain airports.

Mr. Cadier stressed that the scale of the partnership with Embraer will also depend on structural factors in Brazil, such as tax reform. “How many of these options [for 50 additional aircraft] we will exercise depends on how much aviation is penalized by the reform,” he said. According to him, the industry has not managed to make Congress understand how negative the reform could be for the sector.

“We are not asking for a tax cut. We are seeking to maintain the current tax burden,” he pointed out.

Currently, domestic tickets in Brazil are taxed at 9%, a rate that is expected to rise under the current reform model—possibly to around 27%. International tickets, currently exempt, would also be taxed.

According to calculations by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), if a 26.5% tax rate is applied, the average domestic fare in Brazil would increase from $130 to $160, while the average international ticket would rise from $740 to $935.

Latam’s E2 aircraft will seat 136 passengers, 38 fewer than the Airbus A320, and will also feature a premium economy cabin, but without a middle seat.

The addition of the E2 also supports the group after the crisis of regional carrier Voepass, which had partnered with Latam for regional operations using ATR turboprops with fewer than 100 seats. While Embraer’s jets are not regional aircraft in the same way as ATRs, Latam will now be able to serve areas that its A320s could not reach.

Sources said the agreement foresees the delivery of 11 to 16 aircraft as early as next year.

The acquisition is a win for Embraer, which has long sought to expand its fleet presence in Brazil. Recently, President Lula visited Latam executives in Chile. The group had been considering both the E2 and Airbus’s A220, the former Bombardier CSeries.

In June, Embraer lost a competition against the A220 for a contract of up to 40 jets with LOT Polish Airlines, citing geopolitical hurdles at the time.

Still, Embraer has secured a number of campaigns in recent months, showing that despite fierce competition, the Brazilian manufacturer remains a strong contender.

The E195-E2s will join Latam’s fleet of 362 aircraft, 283 of them Airbus single-aisle jets, a factor that had played in Airbus’s favor.

The deal was well received, with Embraer shares rising 4.63% to R$80.30, the biggest gainer on the benchmark stock index Ibovespa on Monday (22).

According to Santander analysts, the firm order should boost Embraer’s commercial backlog by 6.4%. XP said the deal helps reduce investment risks in the Brazilian manufacturer.

(Beatriz Kawai contributed reporting)

*By Cristian Favaro — São Paulo

Source: Valor International

https://valorinternational.globo.com/

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Supreme Court raises bar for health plan treatment coverage

By the decision, five cumulative criteria established by justices must be met to extend coverage beyond ANS list

 

 

 

 

09/19/2025 

The Federal Supreme Court (STF) has increased the number of criteria that must be met for health insurance plans to be required to cover treatments not included in the list of the National Regulatory Agency for Private Health Insurance and Plans (ANS).

The ruling, concluded on Thursday (18) by majority vote, represents a victory for health plans, even though the request to strike down Law No. 14,454 of 2022 was denied. The law requires coverage for treatments outside the ANS list, but it previously only set two conditions. In the prevailing opinion, Justice Luís Roberto Barroso added three more, bringing the total to five.

The provisions of the law had been challenged by the National Union of Self-Management Health Institutions (Unidas), which argued that the obligation was unconstitutional because it imposed broader duties on private companies than those binding on the State itself (ADI 7265).

The justices upheld the requirement for coverage of treatments outside the ANS list, provided all five conditions are cumulatively met: prescription by a qualified physician or dentist; no express denial by ANS or pending analysis of a list update; absence of an adequate therapeutic alternative for the patient’s condition within the ANS list; proof of efficacy and safety of the treatment based on high-level scientific evidence; and registration with the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA).

The Court also ruled that, when reviewing lawsuits demanding coverage, judges must verify whether there is evidence of a prior request to the health plan with either a denial, unreasonable delay, or omission. In cases where courts order coverage, ANS must be notified to assess whether the treatment should be included in the mandatory list.

The decision establishes that the burden of proof lies with the plaintiff, though judges may shift this burden at their discretion under the Civil Procedure Code.

Most justices followed the opinion of Justice Barroso, who argued that the criteria are based on STF precedents in Themes 6 and 1234, which defined objective parameters for lawsuits demanding medicines from the public health system (SUS). He was joined by Justices Nunes Marques, Cristiano Zanin, André Mendonça, Luiz Fux, Dias Toffoli, and Gilmar Mendes.

Justice Mendes noted that the case involves about one-quarter of the Brazilian population, who rely on private health care. He argued that replicating the criteria already established for public health was necessary to avoid imbalance in the supplementary system, which could burden the SUS.

Justice Flávio Dino opened the dissent and was in the minority. Like Justice Barroso, he voted for the validity of the legal provision that the ANS list is the basic reference for plans. However, he argued there was no need for the Court to step into the role of Congress or the regulator. He maintained that the law already required observance of ANS’s technical rules and that further requirements were unnecessary. His view was supported by Justices Edson Fachin, Alexandre de Moraes, and Cármen Lúcia.

The ruling was praised by Gustavo Ribeiro, president of the Brazilian Association of Health Plans (ABRAMGE), who said it “restores Brazil to a global standard of legal certainty.” He argued that the prior framework created significant instability for the sector and noted that, over the past three years, the industry faced a negative impact of R$25 billion due to fraud and lawsuits demanding coverage outside the ANS list.

He expressed hope that the decision will eventually lower premiums.

Consumer advocates, however, see the ruling as a setback. Attorney Fernando Padilha, representing the Brazilian Association for the Protection of Health Plan Consumers (Saúde Brasil) in the case, said the decision “creates barriers to access and shifts major responsibility to patients, favoring only those who can afford strong legal representation.”

He warned that requiring patients and families to gather high-level scientific evidence would make the process costlier and more complex.

Attorney Marcos Patullo, partner at Vilhena Silva Advogados, also criticized the outcome, saying the new requirements will make coverage more bureaucratic and time-consuming. “Although coverage outside the list remains possible, the cumulative demands will delay access and increase red tape,” he said.

For José Luiz Toro, legal consultant of Unidas and president of the Brazilian Institute of Supplementary Health Law (IBDSS), the decision clarified the distinction between public and private health. “It is the State’s duty to provide broad and universal health care. Expanding private coverage without predictability only drives up costs, pushing beneficiaries out of the private system and overburdening SUS,” he said.

Attorney Marcio Charcon Dainesi of Dainesi Advogados argued that the ANS list should be exhaustive. “There is no way to ensure coverage without predictability, and ANS is the body responsible for regulating this matter,” he said. Still, he considered the ruling positive for both companies and consumers: “Without criteria, there is no certainty in treatments.”

* By Beatriz Olivon, Valor — Brasília

Source: Valor International

https://valorinternational.globo.com/

 

 

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