{"id":97947,"date":"2026-03-23T23:23:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T02:23:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/murray.adv.br\/?p=97947"},"modified":"2026-03-23T23:23:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T02:23:08","slug":"special-pensions-expand-in-brazil-bucking-global-trend","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/murray.adv.br\/en\/special-pensions-expand-in-brazil-bucking-global-trend\/","title":{"rendered":"Special pensions expand in Brazil, bucking global trend"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Benefit covering rural workers and teachers makes up 40% of scheduled retirements, in a pattern with no parallel in the OECD<\/strong><\/em><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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National Institute of Social Security (INSS) app \u2014 Photo: Divulga\u00e7\u00e3o<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Special pensions granted to rural workers, teachers, and people exposed to harmful agents accounted for nearly 40% of so-called scheduled retirements\u2014those based on age and years of contributions\u2014granted by Brazil\u2019s General Social Security Regime (RGPS) in 2024.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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That level is far above what is seen in the 38 member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In Greece, the country with the highest share, special pensions account for 11% of the total. Of the 38 countries analyzed, 27 grant special pensions, while 11 do not offer early retirement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The figures come from the study\u00a0Aposentadorias Especiais: Tend\u00eancias Internacionais e o Caso Brasileiro<\/em> (Special Pensions: International Trends and the Brazilian Case), by Rog\u00e9rio Nagamine Constanzi, a researcher at the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea). The survey shows that internationally, the trend has been to restrict or eliminate special pensions, amid doubts about their effectiveness.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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In Brazil, these rules have contributed not only to earlier retirements but also to a rise in benefits granted through the courts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cThe standard argument for allowing early retirement based solely on the inability to continue a career in a specific job has lost strength over time. Many OECD countries have eliminated or restricted access to special or early retirement for dangerous or strenuous jobs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cLabor-market policies should seek to prepare workers for career changes at some point, so they can remain employed until the minimum retirement age. In the Brazilian case, there is a need for more efficient active labor-market policies,\u201d the study says.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Economists interviewed by Valor support adjustments to special regimes in a new pension reform to slow the pace of spending on retirement and survivor benefits.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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In Brazil, special pensions under the RGPS include those for rural workers, teachers, workers exposed to harmful agents, and insured persons with disabilities. In the public-sector pension system, known as the RPPS, they include those granted to teachers, workers exposed to harmful agents, insured persons with disabilities, military personnel, and police officers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Rural pensions<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nagamine\u2019s study shows that, if rural pensions alone are considered, special pensions accounted for 35.6% of total scheduled RGPS retirements in December 2024. If pensions granted for exposure to harmful agents and those for teachers are also included, the share rises to 38.7%. That percentage would be even higher if pensions for people with disabilities were included.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cOut of a total of 20.2 million scheduled pensions under the RGPS, about 7.2 million were rural pensions, almost all based on age. In fact, considering only age-based pensions, rural pensions accounted for 54.4% of the total in December 2024. If all pensions are considered, including disability pensions, the rural share falls to one-third (32.4% of the total),\u201d the study says.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The survey also shows that in the state-level RPPS, the estimate for 2022 was that elementary-education teachers accounted for about four out of every 10 retirees, or 42%. \u201cAll of these figures reinforce the diagnosis that special or early pensions in Brazil have a high level of coverage compared with the international landscape,\u201d Nagamine writes in the study.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The weight of special pensions for basic-education teachers in state and municipal public-sector pension systems stands out because the benefit is uncommon in OECD countries, where it was found in only six: Belgium, Colombia, Costa Rica, Estonia, Italy, and Poland.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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This high degree of differentiated treatment in retirement has fueled debate, especially internationally, over whether the measure is really effective or whether it would be more appropriate to establish better working conditions through health and safety regulations, limiting exposure to risk factors and encouraging social partners to adopt measures in that direction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Of the OECD\u2019s 38 member countries, for example, in 15\u2014or 39.5% of the total\u2014there is no special pension, or it is limited to police officers, firefighters, or military personnel. \u201cIn Brazil, there is a history of broad coverage for special pensions without there necessarily being a basis in solid evidence,\u201d the study says.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pressure for reform<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The survey also says it is necessary to take into account that the risks involved in certain occupations or sectors are not fixed over time\u2014new risks or new occupations may emerge\u2014and that the labor force shifts, for example, from agriculture and industry to the services sector. \u201cThere is a possibility that, due to technological progress, hardship will continue to decline, because strenuous or arduous work tends to be progressively replaced by technology,\u201d the study says.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nagamine also notes that the debate over whether the characteristics of a certain type of work justify early or special retirement compared with the general rule is complex and sometimes involves political power or corporate interests that can lead to unfair treatment. In OECD countries, for example, there has been a movement to restrict this type of benefit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cIn theory, early retirement would be a way to compensate workers in occupations or activities that, in the medium and long term, tend to reduce life expectancy. For that reason, the criteria should not be limited to wear and tear at work, but should encompass the potential negative effects of working conditions on health,\u201d the study says, adding that the complexity of the issue is worsened by the growing focus on psychological problems caused by stress at work.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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The study also says that in Brazil the average duration of these benefits has increased as a result of longer life expectancy among recipients of special pensions. The average duration of this type of benefit rose from about 14.1 years in 2000 to 29.2 years in 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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For Lu\u00eds Eduardo Afonso, a professor at the School of Economics and Administration at the University of S\u00e3o Paulo, \u201cexceptions are, as a rule, bad.\u201d \u201cThey are a form of differentiated treatment for a group that managed to make its pressure power count,\u201d the expert said. In the pension reform enacted in November 2019, military personnel were left out, and some categories kept more favorable retirement conditions than the general rule.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ot\u00e1vio Sidone, a federal civil servant, Social Security specialist, and doctoral student at the University of Bras\u00edlia, said special regimes need to be continually assessed so that any subsidies to the public debate can be made clear.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Arnaldo Lima, the economist in charge of institutional relations at Polo Capital, added that special pension regimes, besides carrying a high cost for public finances, encourage early retirement. \u201cThey should only be preserved when there is objective proof of risk or hardship, with extra financial compensation in the labor market, and not in Social Security.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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He also said the growing number of benefit claims going through the courts, especially in rural areas, is a concern. \u201cIn rural areas alone, 30% of benefits depend on court rulings. The solution involves binding administrative precedents, standardized criteria, and greater digitization. Litigation often stems from a lack of legal clarity,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

*By\u00a0Edna Sim\u00e3o\u00a0\u2014 Bras\u00edlia<\/p>\n

Source: Valor International<\/p>\n

https:\/\/valorinternational.globo.com\/<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Benefit covering rural workers and teachers makes up 40% of scheduled retirements, in a pattern with no parallel in the OECD       03\/23\/2026\u00a0 National Institute of Social Security (INSS) app \u2014 Photo: Divulga\u00e7\u00e3o Special pensions granted to rural workers, teachers, and people exposed to harmful agents accounted for nearly 40% of so-called scheduled […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8106],"tags":[26819,26818],"class_list":["post-97947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-murray-news","tag-bucking-global-trend","tag-special-pensions-expand-in-brazil"],"yoast_head":"\nSpecial pensions expand in Brazil, bucking global trend - Murray Advogados<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/murray.adv.br\/en\/special-pensions-expand-in-brazil-bucking-global-trend\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Special pensions expand in Brazil, bucking global trend - 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